DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

CODE: CA768

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

v UNIT-I:

Explain the characteristic approach of database?

Explain the actors in DB scene?

Explain the advantages of using DBMS?

Discuss the various data models?

Difference between file processing and DBMS?

Explain the Three-schema Architecture?

Describe Data Independence & DBMS languages?

Define: Data Abstraction, Data Independence, DBA, Database Languages.

Explain the Architecture of DBMS with their components in detail.

List any 4 important steps that are useful for setting up a database for a particular enterprise.

Compare FMS with DBMS in detail w.r.t. their features, merits and demerits.

List down the features of various data models with examples.

Write a note on the actors on the scene of a DBMS.

What are the duties and responsibilities of a D.B.A?

What are the unfavorable situations for the use of DBMS for which the file system is preferred?

What are logical and physical independences of a DBMS schema?

Define DBMS. Explain the advantages of using database system.

What is meant by Data Abstraction? Explain the three levels of it. Discuss the functions of Database Administrator.

Define the terms: Instance, Schema, Data Independence, Data Dictionary and DDL.

Briefly discuss the various Data Models with their merits and demerits.

Describe three-schema architecture. How does it help in achieving data independence?

What are the different components of DBMS? Explain them in detail.

How do we classify DBMS?

Define or Explain the following:

b) Federated DBMS

c) Legacy DBMS

d) Logical and Physical Data independencies

e) Complete set of Relational algebra operators.

What are the constraints that are applied to RDBMS?

What are the advantages of a DBMS?

Explain the various interfaces to a DBMS an enumerate the people interacting with a DBMS.

Explain how Databases have helped to increase the value of information to organizations?

Explain: Data Independence, Schema, DBMS interfaces, Actors in the DB Scene.

v UNIT-II:

Explain the types of attributes in ER-models with example?

Define: Entity type; Entity sets; Keys; value sets; Relationship types & sets, instances, Degree; cardinality ratio; Total participation; Role name;

Explain weak entity type?

Define: Relation DB; degree & order of a relation; domain; attributes; tuples; relation schema; cardinality of a relation.

Explain various types of keys in a relation?

Explain various unary relational operations with example?

Explain relational algebra operations from set theory?

Explain various join operations?

Writing queries using relational operations?

Describe the various symbols used in Data Flow Diagram and ER diagram.

Define:

a) Relationship instance

b) Composite attribute

c) Domain Value Set

d) Multivalued attribute

e) Derived attribute

Give examples for aggregation and inheritance in E-R diagrams.

Construct the ER diagram for the following and explain: A university registrar‟s

Office maintains data about the entities-courses, course offerings, students and

Instructors. Assume suitable attributes, relationships between entities and any other constraints.

Explain the various operations defined in Relational Algebra with examples.

Describe the two alternatives for specifying structural constraints on relationship types. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

When is the concept of weak entity useful in data modeling? Define the terms owner entity type, weak entity type, identifying relationship type and partial key.

What are the different types of attributes used in the E-R model? Explain with example?

Describe the various types of Mapping Cardinalities.

Distinguish between a Weak and a Strong Entity set.

List the fundamental operations of the Relational Algebra and the purpose of each with example.

Discuss the various types of Join operations.

Describe the major problems with processing update operations expressed in terms of views.

Explain various Relational Algebra Operations with examples.

Explain i) Extended E-R diagram and ii) Various types of Keys with examples.

Define owner entity type, weak entity type, identifying relationship type and recursive relationship type with examples.

a) The degree of a relation is

b) Relational model allows un-normalized relations.(true/false)

c) What is the difference between a key and a super key?

d) Discuss the integrity constraints of relational model.

e) Consider the following relation schema:

Salesperson ( ssn, name, start-year, dept-no)

Trip (ssn, from_city, to_city, departure_date, return_date, trip_id)

Expense (trip_id, account#, amount)

Write relational algebra expressions for the following queries.

i) Give the details for trips that exceeded $2000 in expense.

ii) Print the SSN of salesperson who took trips to „Honolulu‟.

iii) Print the total trip expenses incurred by the salesperson with ssn=‟234-90‟.

Draw the ER diagram for the given Employee Dept data base.

Explain the various join operations with examples

v UNIT-III:

Discuss the four guidelines (or) informal measures of quality for relation schema?

Define functional dependency and discuss the inference rules for functional dependencies?

What is Normalisation? What is the need? Explain the various types of Normal forms with examples.

Explain superkey, key, candidate key, prime attribute and non prime attribute.

Define:

a) Anomalies

b) Spurious Tuples

c) Fully Functional Dependent

d) Lossless join

e) Multivalued Dependency

Consider the Relation Student with attributes Student_Email, Name, Address,

Course, Course Faculty, Skill_id, Skill_name, Skill_date and Skill_Level.

a) Identify all functional dependencies among attributes. If you decide that the information given is not sufficient for determining all functional dependencies, make whatever assumptions you think are necessary but state them clearly.

b) Define first, second and third normal forms.

c) Decompose the above example into 3NF, taking care to identify primary and foreign keys in all relations.

What is normalization? Explain the various normal forms with examples.

Explain :

a) Different types of Joins.

b) Any 2 types of Indexing Mechanisms.

Explain Second and Third Normal forms in detail with examples

Define the following terms:

Domain, attribute, n-tuple, relation schema, relation instance, degree of a

Relation, relational database schema, relational data base instance.

How are outer join operations different from the JOIN operations? How is outer UNION operation different from the UNION?

Explain the terms: Super Key, Candidate Key and Foreign Key.

Define BCNF, 4NF and PJNF. How does PJNF differ from 4NF? Explain with example.

Consider the relation R which has attributes that hold schedules of courses and sections at a university.

R={CourseNo, SecNo, OfferingDept, Credit-Hours, CourseLevel, InstructorSSN, Semester, Year, Days-Hours, RoomNo, No of Students}.

Suppose that the following functional depencies hold on R.

{Course No}-{OfferingDept, Credit-Hours, CourseLevel}

{CourseNo, SecNo, Semester,Year}-{Days_Hours,RoomNo, No of Students InstructorSSN}

{RoomNo, Days_Hours, Semester,Year}-{InstructorSSN,CourseNo, SecNo,}

Try to determine which sets of attributes form keys of R. How would you normalize this relation?

What is Normalisation? What is need? Explain the various types of Normal forms with examples.

Briefly outline the basic algorithms for executing Query Operations.

Discuss „Using Heuristics in Query Optimization‟.

Consider the relation R, having the attributes that hold schedules of courses and

Sections in a University; R={CourseNo, SecNo, OfferingDept, CreditHours, CourseLevel, InstructorSSN, Semester,Year,Days_hour,Roomno,Noofstudents}

i) Provide the Funcitonal Dependencies.

ii) Provide second and third normal forms.

iii) Discuss the anamolies in various situations.

a) How does SQL allow implementation of the entity integrity and referential integrity constraints?

b) Explain how views are implemented?

c) All views are updatable.

d) How will you remove a column of a table?

e) What are the different types of join operations?

f) Consider the following schema:

Suppliers (sid: integer,sname: string, address: string)

Parts(pid: integer,pname:string,color:string)

Catalog(sid: integer,pid:integer,cost: real)

i) Find the sids of suppliers who supply a red part and a green part.

ii) Find the pnames of parts for which there is some supplier.

v UNIT-IV:

What is a transaction and explain database access operations of transaction?

Explain why concurrency control is needed?

Explain why recovery is needed?

Explain transaction states and system log?

Discuss the properties of transactions/

What is a schedule & discuss when 2 schedules are conflicting with example?

Discuss the classification of schedule with examples.

What is a serializable schedule?

Explain: Result, conflict & view equivalence.

Write a note on „Serializability of Schedules‟.

List out Codd‟s Rules and give examples for each rule with explanation.

Explain any 2 types of recovery techniques in detail.

Discuss the general rules for transforming relational algebra into equivalent ones.

Justify the need for concurrency control techniques in transaction processing systems.

Define ACID properties of Transactions and discuss Schedules Classification

briefly.

Explain Locking and Timestamp ordering based concurrency control protocols.

Discuss the problem of spurious tuples and how they may be prevented?

Why is a relation that is in 3NF generally considered good?

Define Boyce-Codd normal form. How does it differ from 3NF? Explain with an example.

a) Consider the following relation R:

Student	Course	Grade	Address
William Gates	Operating Systems	6	Microsoft Way 1
Jakob Nielsen	User Interfaces	8	Silicon Valley 22
Jakob Nielsen	User Interfaces	8	Glentevej 38
William Gates	Intro. to databases	7	Microfoft Way 1
Steve Jobs	Intro. to databases	10	Apple Drive 10
Steve Jobs	Operating Systems	10	Apple Drive 10

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